/* ==========================================================================
   Excel India Publishers — Homepage styles
   Editorial / academic publishing aesthetic.
   ========================================================================== */

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1. Design tokens
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
:root {
    /* Greens — deep, desaturated, bottle/forest rather than grass */
    --brand:          #0284c7;
    --brand-dark:     #0369a1;
    --brand-deep:     #0c4a6e;
    --brand-light:    #e0f2ff;
    --brand-tint:     #f0f8ff;

    /* Warm brass secondary — used sparingly for emphasis */
    --secondary:      #f97316;
    --secondary-dark: #ea580c;
    --secondary-light:#fffbcc;

    /* Accent — muted terracotta, not a bright alert red */
    --accent:         #ef4444;

    /* Ink & paper */
    --ink:            #0f172a;
    --ink-soft:       #334155;
    --muted:          #64748b;
    --line:           #e2e8f0;
    --line-strong:    #cbd5e1;
    --paper:          #ffffff;
    --tint:           #f8fafc;
    --white:          #ffffff;

    --font-head: "Inter", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
    --font-body: "Inter", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;

    /* Squarer, more printed-page geometry */
    --radius:    8px;
    --radius-lg: 16px;
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 1px rgba(33, 31, 28, .04), 0 1px 2px rgba(33, 31, 28, .05);
    --shadow-md: 0 6px 18px rgba(33, 31, 28, .07);
    --shadow-lg: 0 18px 44px rgba(33, 31, 28, .13);

    --container: 1200px;
    --header-h:  84px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   2. Reset & base
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; }

body {
    margin: 0;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 16.5px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--ink);
    background: var(--paper);
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
a   { color: var(--brand); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; }

h1, h2, h3, h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.22;
    margin: 0 0 .5em;
    color: var(--ink);
    letter-spacing: -.005em;
}

/* Small caps label used above headings — editorial, not a pill badge */
.eyebrow-label {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: .72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #5ca038;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

ul { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
button { font-family: inherit; cursor: pointer; }

.container {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: var(--container);
    margin-inline: auto;
    padding-inline: 24px;
}

.sr-only {
    position: absolute; width: 1px; height: 1px;
    padding: 0; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden;
    clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; border: 0;
}

.skip-link {
    position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: 0; z-index: 999;
    background: var(--brand); color: #fff; padding: 12px 20px;
}
.skip-link:focus { left: 0; }

:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid var(--brand);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   3. Buttons & links
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 13px 26px;
    font-size: .64rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .02em;
    line-height: 1;
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    transition: background-color .2s ease, color .2s ease,
                border-color .2s ease;
    text-decoration: none;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.btn:hover { text-decoration: none; }

.btn--primary { background: var(--brand); color: #fff; border-color: var(--brand); }
.btn--primary:hover { background: var(--brand-dark); border-color: var(--brand-dark); color: #fff; }

.btn--outline {
    background: transparent;
    color: #0e0e0e;
    border-color: var(--line-strong);
}
.btn--outline:hover { background: var(--brand); border-color: var(--brand); color: #fff; }

.btn--light { background: var(--paper); color: var(--brand-dark); border-color: transparent; }
.btn--light:hover { background: #fff; }

.btn--block { width: 100%; }

.btn svg { width: 17px; height: 17px; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 2; stroke-linecap: round; }

.link-arrow {
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: .64rem;
    letter-spacing: .01em;
    white-space: nowrap;
    color: #0e0e0e;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
    padding-bottom: 2px;
}
.link-arrow:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--brand); text-decoration: none; }
.link-arrow::after { content: ' \2192'; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   4. Utility bar
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.utility-bar {
    background: var(--brand-deep);
    color: #b9c8bf;
    font-size: .64rem;
    letter-spacing: .01em;
}
.utility-bar__inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 16px;
    min-height: 38px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.utility-bar__phone {display: inline-flex;align-items: center;gap: 7px;color: #fff;}
.utility-bar__phone svg { width: 13px; height: 13px; fill: currentColor; opacity: .8; }
a.utility-bar__phone:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
}
.utility-bar__links { display: flex; gap: 22px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.utility-bar__links a { color: #b9c8bf; }
.utility-bar__links a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   5. Header
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.site-header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 100;
    background: var(--paper);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(33, 31, 28, .02);
    overflow: visible;
}
.site-header__inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 20px;
    min-height: var(--header-h);
}

/* Brand */
.brand { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 13px; text-decoration: none; flex-shrink: 0; }
.brand:hover { text-decoration: none; }

.brand__mark {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 46px; height: 46px;
    border-radius: 2px;
    background: var(--brand);
    color: #fff;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    line-height: 1;
    letter-spacing: .01em;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.brand__mark span { color: #cbb27a; }
.brand__mark--light { background: rgba(255,255,255,.09); }

.brand__text { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.18; }
.brand__text strong {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.14rem;
    color: var(--ink);
    white-space: nowrap;
    letter-spacing: -.005em;
}
.brand__text small  {
    font-size: .68rem;
    letter-spacing: .13em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
    white-space: nowrap;
}

/* Brand logo presented inside a bordered box (added alongside the wordmark) */
.brand-logo {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    margin-left: 14px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    flex-shrink: 0;
    transition: border-color .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}
.brand-logo:hover { border-color: var(--brand); box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); text-decoration: none; }
.brand-logo img { height: 44px; width: auto; object-fit: contain; }

/* Nav */
.primary-nav { margin-left: auto; }
.primary-nav ul { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 2px; }
.primary-nav a {
    display: block;
    padding: 9px 12px;
    font-size: 0.80rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    position: relative;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.primary-nav a:hover { color: var(--brand); background: var(--brand-tint); text-decoration: none; }
.primary-nav a.is-active { color: var(--brand); font-weight: 600; }
.primary-nav a.is-active::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 12px; right: 12px; bottom: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--brand);
}

.header-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; }
.icon-btn {
    display: grid; place-items: center;
    width: 40px; height: 40px;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    transition: border-color .2s ease, color .2s ease, background-color .2s ease;
}
.icon-btn:hover { border-color: var(--brand); color: var(--brand); background: var(--brand-tint); }
.icon-btn svg { width: 18px; height: 18px; fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.8; stroke-linecap: round; }

/* Mobile nav toggle */
.nav-toggle {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 5px;
    width: 44px; height: 44px;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: transparent;
    margin-left: auto;
}
.nav-toggle__bar { width: 21px; height: 1.5px; background: var(--ink); }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   6. Hero
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.hero {
    position: relative;
    color: #fff;
    padding: 72px 0 80px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: var(--brand-dark);
}
.hero__media {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    /* Soft, matte wash — no glossy multi-stop gradient */
    background-image:
        radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 90% at 88% 8%, rgba(154, 123, 63, .22) 0, transparent 60%),
        radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 80% at 4% 100%, rgba(255, 255, 255, .05) 0, transparent 55%);
    pointer-events: none;
}
.hero__inner { position: relative; z-index: 1; max-width: 780px; }

.hero__eyebrow {
    display: block;
    margin: 0 0 18px;
    padding: 0 0 0 14px;
    font-size: .66rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .17em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #fffffff0;
    border-left: 2px solid rgba(203, 178, 122, .55);
}
.hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(2.15rem, 4.6vw, 3.15rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #fff;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    letter-spacing: -.015em;
}
.hero__subtitle {
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin: 0 0 34px;
    max-width: 560px;
}

/* Hero search — a printed form rule rather than a floating pill */
.hero-search {
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
    max-width: 660px;
}
.hero-search input {
    flex: 1;
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
    border: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(223 223 223 / 32%);
    background: transparent;
    padding: 13px 2px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-family: inherit;
    color: #fff;
    border-radius: 0;
}
.hero-search input::placeholder { color: #8fa398; }
.hero-search input:focus { outline: none; border-bottom-color: #cbb27a; }
.hero-search .btn { padding: 13px 30px; flex-shrink: 0; }

.hero__advanced {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 18px;
    font-size: .67rem;
    color: #a9bcb1;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(169, 188, 177, .45);
    padding-bottom: 1px;
}
.hero__advanced:hover { color: #fff; border-bottom-color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   7. Statistics
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.stats {
    background: var(--paper);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.stats__grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 0;
}
.stat-card {
    padding: 32px 24px;
    text-align: center;
    border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
    position: relative;
    transition: background-color .2s ease;
}
.stat-card:hover { background: var(--brand-tint); }
.stat-card:last-child { border-right: 0; }
.stat-card__value {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #0e0e0e;
    line-height: 1.1;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
    letter-spacing: -.01em;
}
.stat-card__label {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 8px;
    font-size: .68rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .11em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   8. Generic section
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.section { padding: 60px 0; }
.section--tint { background: var(--tint); }

.section__head {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-end;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 24px;
    margin-bottom: 34px;
    padding-bottom: 16px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.section__head-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 16px;
}
.section__head--center { justify-content: center; text-align: center; }
.section__title {
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.6vw, 1.75rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0;
    letter-spacing: -.01em;
}
.section__sub { margin: 7px 0 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: .68rem; max-width: 60ch; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   9. Trending research (article cards)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.article-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 22px;
}
.article-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 24px 22px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-top: 2px solid var(--brand);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    transition: box-shadow .2s ease, border-color .2s ease;
}
.article-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    border-color: var(--line-strong);
    border-top-color: var(--secondary);
}
.tag {
    align-self: flex-start;
    font-size: .68rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #5ca038;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.article-card__title {
    font-size: 1.04rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 0 12px;
    line-height: 1.35;
}
.article-card__title a { color: var(--ink); }
.article-card__title a:hover { color: var(--brand); text-decoration: none; }
.article-card__journal {font-size: .68rem;color: #0e0e0e;margin: 0 0 auto;font-style: italic;}
.article-card__date {
    font-size: .68rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    margin: 16px 0 0;
    padding-top: 12px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   10. Book cards
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.book-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 24px;
}
.book-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: box-shadow .2s ease, border-color .2s ease;
}
.book-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-md); border-color: var(--line-strong); }

.book-card__cover {
    position: relative;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    background: linear-gradient(160deg, #ece9e0, #f6f4ed);
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.book-card__cover img {
    width: 100%; height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
}
.book-card__cover img.is-missing { display: none; }
.book-card__cover::after {
    content: 'Excel India Publishers';
    position: absolute;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: .68rem;
    color: #a49d8e;
    z-index: 0;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0 20px;
}
.book-card__cover img:not(.is-missing) { position: relative; z-index: 1; }

.book-card__badge {
    position: absolute;
    top: 12px; left: 12px;
    z-index: 2;
    padding: 3px 9px;
    font-size: .68rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: .1em;
    color: #fff;
    background: var(--accent);
    border-radius: 2px;
}
.book-card__body { padding: 20px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1; }
.book-card__category {
    font-size: .68rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .13em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.book-card__title { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 9px 0 12px; line-height: 1.35; }
.book-card__title a { color: var(--ink); }
.book-card__title a:hover { color: var(--brand); text-decoration: none; }

.book-card__price { margin: 0 0 16px; display: flex; align-items: baseline; gap: 10px; font-size: 1.08rem; }
.book-card__price ins {text-decoration: none;font-weight: 600;color: #0e0e0e;font-family: var(--font-head);}
.book-card__price del { color: var(--muted); font-size: .68rem; }
.book-card__body .btn { margin-top: auto; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   11. Recently published (proceedings list)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.proceeding-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 18px; }
.proceeding {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 96px 1fr auto;
    gap: 26px;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 22px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--brand);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    transition: border-color .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}
.proceeding:hover { border-left-color: var(--secondary); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }

.proceeding__cover {
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    border-radius: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(160deg, #e6e2d8, #f4f2ea);
    overflow: hidden;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
}
.proceeding__cover img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.proceeding__cover img.is-missing { display: none; }

.proceeding__body h3 { font-size: 1.06rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 6px 0 7px; line-height: 1.35; }
.proceeding__body h3 a { color: var(--ink); }
.proceeding__body h3 a:hover { color: var(--brand); text-decoration: none; }
.proceeding__body p { margin: 0; font-size: .68rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.proceeding__isbn { color: var(--muted) !important; font-size: .68rem !important; margin-top: 5px !important; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.proceeding__year {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: .7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    color: #5ca038;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   12. About / Who we are
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.section--dark {
    background: var(--brand-dark);
    color: #b9c8bf;
}
.section--dark .section__title,
.section--dark h2 { color: #fff; }

.about {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.1fr;
    gap: 60px;
    align-items: start;
}
.about__eyebrow {
    font-size: .7rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .17em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #cbb27a;
    margin: 0 0 12px;
}
.about__intro h2 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.8vw, 2.05rem); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 10px; }
.about__lead {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 1.12rem;
    font-style: italic;
    color: #9fc0ae;
    margin: 0 0 18px;
}
.about__intro p {color: #ffffff;margin: 0 0 22px;font-size: .72rem;}
.about__intro .btn { margin-top: 6px; }

.about__pillars { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1px; }
.about__pillars li {
    padding: 22px 24px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .04);
    border-left: 2px solid var(--secondary);
    transition: background .2s ease;
}
.about__pillars li:hover { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .075); }
.pillar__num {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: .72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #cbb27a;
    letter-spacing: .1em;
}
.about__pillars h3 { color: #fff; font-size: 1.06rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 5px 0 6px; }
.about__pillars p { margin: 0; font-size: .72rem; color: #a7bcb1; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   13. Journal cards
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.journal-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 24px;
}
.journal-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 30px 28px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    transition: box-shadow .2s ease, border-color .2s ease;
}
.journal-card:hover { box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); border-color: var(--line-strong); }

.journal-card__type {
    align-self: flex-start;
    font-size: .72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .13em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #5ca038;
}
.journal-card__title { font-size: 1.14rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 14px 0 10px; line-height: 1.32; }
.journal-card__title a { color: var(--ink); }
.journal-card__title a:hover { color: var(--brand); text-decoration: none; }
.journal-card__scope { font-size: .72rem; color: var(--ink-soft); margin: 0 0 22px; }

.journal-card__meta {
    margin: 0 0 24px;
    padding-top: 18px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    display: flex;
    gap: 28px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.journal-card__meta div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.journal-card__meta dt {
    font-size: .73rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .11em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.journal-card__meta dd {
    margin: 4px 0 0;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #000000;
}
.journal-card .btn { margin-top: auto; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   14. Subjects
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.subject-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
    gap: 14px;
}
.subject-chip {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 16px 18px;
    font-size: .74rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ink);
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    transition: border-color .18s ease, color .18s ease, background-color .18s ease;
}
.subject-chip:hover {
    border-color: var(--brand);
    color: var(--brand);
    background: var(--brand-tint);
    text-decoration: none;
}
.subject-chip svg {
    width: 15px; height: 15px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 1.8;
    stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round;
    opacity: .4;
    transition: transform .18s ease, opacity .18s ease;
}
.subject-chip:hover svg { transform: translateX(3px); opacity: 1; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   15. Testimonials Carousel
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.testimonial-carousel {
    position: relative;
    margin: 0;
}

.testimonial-rail {
    display: flex;
    gap: 24px;
    overflow-x: auto;
    scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    scrollbar-width: none;
    -ms-overflow-style: none;
    padding: 6px 2px 14px;
    margin: 0;
}
.testimonial-rail::-webkit-scrollbar { display: none; }

.testimonial {
    flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 48px) / 3);
    min-width: 0;
    scroll-snap-align: start;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 30px 28px 26px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    position: relative;
    transition: border-color .22s ease, box-shadow .22s ease;
}
.testimonial:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    border-color: var(--line-strong);
}

.testimonial__quote-mark {
    font-family: Georgia, serif;
    font-size: 3.4rem;
    line-height: 1;
    color: var(--secondary-light);
    margin-bottom: -14px;
    user-select: none;
}

.testimonial blockquote {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    margin: 0 0 auto;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 1.01rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
}

.testimonial figcaption {
    margin-top: 24px;
    padding-top: 14px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
}
.testimonial__author {
    font-size: .74rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: .05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #5ca038;
}

/* Side navigation arrows */
.carousel-arrow {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    z-index: 5;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--paper);
    border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
    color: var(--ink);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color .2s ease, color .2s ease, border-color .2s ease;
}
.carousel-arrow:hover {
    background: var(--brand);
    color: #fff;
    border-color: var(--brand);
}
.carousel-arrow svg {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    stroke: currentColor;
    stroke-width: 2.5;
    fill: none;
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
}
.carousel-arrow--prev { left: -22px; }
.carousel-arrow--next { right: -22px; }

/* Header arrow controls */
.carousel-nav {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}
.carousel-nav-btn {
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: transparent;
    border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
    color: var(--ink);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color .18s ease, color .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}
.carousel-nav-btn:hover {
    background: var(--brand);
    color: #fff;
    border-color: var(--brand);
}
.carousel-nav-btn svg {
    width: 16px;
    height: 16px;
    stroke: currentColor;
    stroke-width: 2.5;
    fill: none;
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
}

/* Carousel pagination dots */
.carousel-dots {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    margin-top: 24px;
}
.carousel-dot {
    width: 9px;
    height: 9px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--line-strong);
    border: 0;
    padding: 0;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background-color .25s ease, width .25s ease, border-radius .25s ease;
}
.carousel-dot.is-active {
    background: var(--brand);
    width: 24px;
    border-radius: 100px;
}
.carousel-dot:hover:not(.is-active) {
    background: var(--muted);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   16. Client logos
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   16. Client logos — infinite ticker
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.logo-rail {
    overflow: hidden;
    -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, #000 8%, #000 92%, transparent 100%);
    mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0%, #000 8%, #000 92%, transparent 100%);
    padding: 8px 0;
}
.logo-rail__track {
    display: flex;
    gap: 14px;
    width: max-content;
    animation: ticker-scroll 28s linear infinite;
}
.logo-rail__track:hover { animation-play-state: paused; }
.logo-pill {
    padding: 15px 28px;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: .76rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    transition: color .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
    white-space: nowrap;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.logo-pill:hover { color: var(--brand); border-color: var(--line-strong); }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   17. CTA banner
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.cta-banner {
    background: var(--brand);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 56px 0;
    border-top: 3px solid #5ca038;
}
.cta-banner__inner {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 32px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.cta-banner h2 { color: #fff; font-size: clamp(1.35rem, 2.5vw, 1.7rem); font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 10px; }
.cta-banner p { margin: 0; color: #c3d0c8; max-width: 62ch; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   18. Footer
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.site-footer {
    background: var(--brand-deep);
    color: #93a79c;
    font-size: .76rem;
    padding-top: 64px;
}
.site-footer__top {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.6fr repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 40px;
    padding-bottom: 46px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08);
}
.site-footer__brand h3 {
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 1.14rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 18px 0 10px;
}
.site-footer__brand p { margin: 0 0 18px; line-height: 1.7; }
.site-footer__contact a {
    color: #b9c8bf;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
    word-break: break-word;
}
.site-footer__contact a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }

/* Logo box in the footer brand column */
.footer-logo {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 10px 16px;
    margin: 0 0 20px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .95);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .18);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    transition: border-color .2s ease;
}
.footer-logo:hover { border-color: #cbb27a; }
.footer-logo img { height: 52px; width: auto; object-fit: contain; }

.site-footer__col h4 {
    color: #cbb27a;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: .76rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
}
.site-footer__col li { margin-bottom: 11px; }
.site-footer__col a { color: #93a79c; }
.site-footer__col a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }

.site-footer__bottom {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 20px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    padding: 22px 0;
    font-size: .76rem;
}
.site-footer__bottom p { margin: 0; }
.site-footer__social { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }
.site-footer__social a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
    color: #93a79c;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, .16);
    border-radius: 50%;
    transition: color .16s ease, background-color .16s ease, border-color .16s ease, transform .16s ease;
}
.site-footer__social a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; transform: translateY(-2px); }
.site-footer__social a:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid #fff; outline-offset: 3px; }
.site-footer__social svg { width: 16px; height: 16px; fill: currentColor; }

/* Brand colour on hover, so each icon is recognisable */
.site-footer__social a[aria-label$="Facebook"]:hover  { background: #1877f2; border-color: #1877f2; }
.site-footer__social a[aria-label$="Instagram"]:hover { background: #e1306c; border-color: #e1306c; }
.site-footer__social a[aria-label$="LinkedIn"]:hover  { background: #0a66c2; border-color: #0a66c2; }
.site-footer__social a[aria-label$="YouTube"]:hover   { background: #ff0000; border-color: #ff0000; }

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   19. Responsive
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 1240px) {
    .carousel-arrow--prev { left: 8px; }
    .carousel-arrow--next { right: 8px; }
}

@media (max-width: 1200px) {
    .site-header__inner { gap: 12px; }
    .primary-nav a { padding: 8px 8px; font-size: .76rem; }
    .header-cta { padding: 9px 14px; font-size: .76rem; }
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
    .article-grid,
    .book-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .subject-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
    .journal-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .site-footer__top {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
        gap: 32px;
    }
    .site-footer__brand { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
}

@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .nav-toggle { display: flex; margin-left: auto; flex-shrink: 0; }
    .utility-bar__links { display: none; }
    .header-actions { flex-shrink: 0; }
    .header-cta { display: none; }

    .brand { min-width: 0; }
    .brand__text { min-width: 0; }
    .brand__text strong {
        overflow: hidden;
        text-overflow: ellipsis;
    }
    .brand__text small { display: none; }
    .brand-logo { padding: 5px 9px; margin-left: 8px; }
    .brand-logo img { height: 34px; }

    .primary-nav {
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%; left: 0; right: 0;
        z-index: 120;
        margin: 0;
        background: #fff;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
        box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
        max-height: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        transition: max-height .3s ease;
    }
    .primary-nav.is-open {
        max-height: min(80vh, 640px);
        overflow-y: auto;
    }
    .primary-nav ul { flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 0; padding: 8px; }
    .primary-nav a { padding: 14px 16px; }
    .primary-nav a.is-active::after { display: none; }
    .primary-nav a.is-active { background: var(--brand-tint); }

    body.nav-open { overflow: hidden; }

    .about { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 40px; }
    .stats__grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .stat-card:nth-child(2) { border-right: 0; }
    .stat-card:nth-child(1),
    .stat-card:nth-child(2) { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
}

@media (max-width: 960px) {
    .testimonial { flex: 0 0 calc((100% - 24px) / 2); }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .proceeding {
        grid-template-columns: 80px minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 16px;
    }
    .proceeding__cta { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
    .subject-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .container { padding-inline: 16px; }
    .section { padding: 48px 0; }
    .hero { padding: 52px 0 56px; }
    .hero-search { flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; }
    .hero-search .btn { width: 100%; }

    .article-grid,
    .book-grid,
    .journal-grid,
    .subject-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

    .proceeding { grid-template-columns: 72px minmax(0, 1fr); }

    .section__head { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 12px; }
    .section__head-actions { width: 100%; justify-content: space-between; }
    .site-footer__top { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .site-footer__brand { grid-column: auto; }
    .cta-banner__inner { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }

    .testimonial { flex: 0 0 100%; }
    .testimonial-carousel { overflow: hidden; }
    .carousel-arrow { display: none; }

    .brand__mark { width: 38px; height: 38px; font-size: .78rem; }
    .brand__text strong { font-size: 1rem; }
    .brand-logo { display: none; }
    .footer-logo img { height: 44px; }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .header-actions { display: none; }
    .utility-bar { font-size: .78rem; }
    .stat-card { padding: 24px 12px; }
}



/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   20. Search results page (Springer-style)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.search-hero {
    background: var(--brand-deep);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 40px 0 44px;
}
.search-hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #fff;
    margin: 0 0 20px;
}
.search-hero__form {
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
    max-width: 760px;
}
.search-hero__form input {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--ink);
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.search-hero__form input:focus { outline: none; border-color: #cbb27a; }
.search-hero__form .btn { flex-shrink: 0; padding: 14px 30px; }
.search-hero__hint {
    margin: 14px 0 0;
    font-size: .78rem;
    color: #a9bcb1;
}
.search-hero__hint a { color: #cbb27a; }
.search-hero__hint a:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: none; }
.search-hero__hint span { margin: 0 8px; }

.search-page { padding: 44px 0 64px; }
.search-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 260px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 44px;
    align-items: start;
}

/* --- Facet rail ---------------------------------------------------------- */
.facet-rail {
    position: sticky;
    top: calc(var(--header-h) + 20px);
    font-size: .78rem;
}
.facet-rail__head {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 12px;
    padding-bottom: 12px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink);
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.facet-rail__head h2 { font-size: 1rem; margin: 0; }
.facet-rail__head .link-arrow { font-size: .78rem; }

.facet-group {
    padding: 16px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.facet-group__title {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: .8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink);
    margin: 0 0 12px;
}
.facet-group__list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 9px; }
.facet-item label {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 9px;
    cursor: pointer;
    line-height: 1.4;
}
.facet-item input {
    margin: 3px 0 0;
    width: 15px; height: 15px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    accent-color: var(--brand);
}
.facet-item__label { color: var(--ink-soft); }
.facet-item__count { margin-left: auto; color: var(--muted); font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; font-size: .8rem; }
.facet-item label:hover .facet-item__label { color: var(--brand); }
.facet-item--extra { display: none; }
.facet-group.is-expanded .facet-item--extra { display: block; }

.facet-more {
    margin-top: 10px;
    padding: 0;
    border: 0;
    background: transparent;
    font-size: .8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--brand);
}
.facet-more::after { content: ' +'; }
.facet-group.is-expanded .facet-more::after { content: ' \2013'; }
.facet-more:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.facet-rail__apply { margin-top: 20px; }

/* --- Results toolbar ----------------------------------------------------- */
.results-toolbar {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 20px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    padding-bottom: 16px;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink);
}
.results-toolbar__count { margin: 0; font-size: .8rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.results-toolbar__count em { font-style: italic; color: var(--ink); }
.results-toolbar__sort {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    font-size: .8rem;
}
.results-toolbar__sort label { color: var(--muted); }
.results-toolbar__sort select {
    padding: 8px 12px;
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: .8rem;
    color: var(--ink);
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.results-toolbar__export { font-size: .8rem; font-weight: 600; }

/* --- Result list --------------------------------------------------------- */
.result-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; }
.result-item {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 200px;
    gap: 28px;
    align-items: start;
    padding: 22px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.result-item:first-child { padding-top: 16px; }
.result-item__body { min-width: 0; }

/* Book cover thumbnail, right-hand column.
   Fixed 200px width in a fixed grid track, so the cover is never stretched
   or shrunk by the text — height follows the 3:4 book aspect ratio. */
.result-item__thumb {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 200px;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    overflow: hidden;
    justify-self: end;
    background: linear-gradient(160deg, #ece9e0, #f6f4ed);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: box-shadow .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}
a.result-item__thumb:hover {
    border-color: var(--brand);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}
.result-item__thumb img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    display: block;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center top;
}
.result-item__thumb img.is-missing { display: none; }
.result-item__type {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    padding: 2px 9px;
    font-size: .8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #5ca038;
    background: var(--brand-tint);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 2px;
}
.result-item__title {
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.35;
    margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.result-item__title a { color: var(--brand-dark); }
.result-item__title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; }
.result-item__excerpt {
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    font-size: .8rem;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    max-width: 75ch;
}
.result-item__meta {
    margin: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px 10px;
    font-size: .8rem;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.result-item__authors { color: var(--ink-soft); font-style: italic; }
.result-item__venue { font-style: italic; }
.result-item__year { font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }
.result-item__badge {
    padding: 2px 9px;
    font-size: .82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--brand-dark);
    background: var(--brand-light);
    border-radius: 100px;
}

/* --- Search page responsive ---------------------------------------------- */
/* Kept after the base rules above: same specificity, so it only wins the
   cascade when it comes later in the file. */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .search-layout {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 28px;
    }
    /* The facet rail can sit side by side with nothing, so stack it under the
       results and lay its groups out as a wrapped column grid. */
    .facet-rail {
        position: static;
        order: 2;
        padding: 20px;
        background: var(--tint);
        border: 1px solid var(--line);
        border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
        min-width: 0;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(210px, 1fr));
        gap: 0 24px;
        align-items: start;
    }
    .facet-rail__head,
    .facet-rail__empty { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
    .facet-group { min-width: 0; }
    .results-col { order: 1; min-width: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .search-hero { padding: 30px 0 34px; }
    .search-hero__form { flex-direction: column; }
    .search-hero__form .btn { width: 100%; }
    .facet-rail { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); padding: 16px; }
    .results-toolbar__sort { width: 100%; flex-wrap: wrap; }
    .results-toolbar__sort select { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; }
    .result-item__badge { margin-left: 0; }
    /* Cover moves under the text on small screens so the title has room. */
    .result-item {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 14px;
    }
    .result-item__thumb {
        order: -1;
        justify-self: start;
        width: 96px;
        max-width: 96px;
    }
    .result-item__meta { gap: 4px 8px; }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   20b. Search type-ahead (autocomplete)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* The field's wrapper becomes the positioning context. The class is also added
   by JS; declaring it here means no flash of an unpositioned list. */
.autocomplete { position: relative; }

.autocomplete__list {
    position: absolute;
    top: calc(100% + 6px);
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    z-index: 300;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 6px;
    list-style: none;
    text-align: left;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    max-height: 340px;
    overflow-y: auto;
}
.autocomplete__list[hidden] { display: none; }

.autocomplete__item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 9px 10px;
    font-size: .82rem;
    color: var(--ink);
    border-radius: 6px;
    cursor: pointer;
    line-height: 1.4;
}
.autocomplete__item.is-active,
.autocomplete__item:hover { background: var(--brand-tint); }

.autocomplete__type {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    padding: 1px 7px;
    font-size: .82rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .09em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #5ca038;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 2px;
}
.autocomplete__type--author { color: var(--brand-dark); }
.autocomplete__type--subject { color: var(--muted); }

.autocomplete__label {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    min-width: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.autocomplete__label mark {
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--brand);
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0;
}

.autocomplete__meta {
    flex: 0 1 auto;
    max-width: 45%;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    white-space: nowrap;
    font-size: .82rem;
    color: var(--muted);
}

/* "No records found" row — informational only, never selectable */
.autocomplete__empty {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 11px 10px;
    font-size: .82rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    cursor: default;
    border: 0;
    background: transparent;
}
.autocomplete__empty .autocomplete__label {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.autocomplete__empty .autocomplete__meta {
    max-width: none;
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    text-align: left;
}

/* --- Pagination ---------------------------------------------------------- */
.pagination { margin-top: 34px; }
.pagination ul {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
}
.pagination a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-width: 40px;
    height: 40px;
    padding: 0 12px;
    font-size: .82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.pagination a:hover { border-color: var(--brand); color: var(--brand); text-decoration: none; }
.pagination a.is-active {
    background: var(--brand);
    border-color: var(--brand);
    color: #fff;
}
.pagination__ellipsis { padding: 0 6px; color: var(--muted); }
.pagination__next { margin-left: 8px; }

/* --- Keyframes ---------------------------------------------------------- */
@keyframes fade-up {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px); }
    to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

@keyframes fade-in {
    from { opacity: 0; }
    to   { opacity: 1; }
}

@keyframes slide-in-left {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(-30px); }
    to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
}

@keyframes slide-in-right {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(30px); }
    to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
}

@keyframes zoom-in {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: scale(.95); }
    to   { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
}

@keyframes pop-in {
    0%   { opacity: 0; transform: scale(.80) translateY(24px); }
    70%  { transform: scale(1.04) translateY(-3px); }
    100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1) translateY(0); }
}

@keyframes ticker-scroll {
    from { transform: translateX(0); }
    to   { transform: translateX(-50%); }
}

@keyframes pillar-slide {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(-20px); }
    to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
}

/* --- Scroll reveal -------------------------------------------------------- */
.reveal {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(20px);
    transition: opacity .5s cubic-bezier(.22, .61, .36, 1),
                transform .5s cubic-bezier(.22, .61, .36, 1);
    will-change: opacity, transform;
}

.reveal.is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* --- Hero entrance animation -------------------------------------------- */
.hero__eyebrow   { animation: fade-up .6s ease both; animation-delay: .05s; }
.hero__title     { animation: fade-up .6s ease both; animation-delay: .12s; }
.hero__subtitle  { animation: fade-up .6s ease both; animation-delay: .18s; }
.hero-search     { animation: fade-up .6s ease both; animation-delay: .24s; }
.hero__advanced  { animation: fade-up .6s ease both; animation-delay: .30s; }

/* --- Stat cards pop-in on scroll ---------------------------------------- */
.stat-card.anim-pop {
    animation: pop-in .55s cubic-bezier(.34, 1.56, .64, 1) both;
}
.stat-card.anim-pop:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: .05s; }
.stat-card.anim-pop:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: .14s; }
.stat-card.anim-pop:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: .23s; }
.stat-card.anim-pop:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: .32s; }

/* --- Section titles: a restrained rule, drawn in on scroll ---------------- */
.section__title {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}
.section__title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    bottom: -7px;
    height: 2px;
    width: 0;
    background: #5ca038;
    transition: width .6s cubic-bezier(.22, .61, .36, 1);
}
.section.is-visible .section__title::after,
.section--tint.is-visible .section__title::after,
.section--dark.is-visible .section__title::after {
    width: 48px;
}

/* --- CTA banner: flat brand field, no sweeping gloss --------------------- */
.cta-banner {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* --- About pillars stagger ----------------------------------------------- */
.about__pillars li {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateX(-20px);
    transition: none;
}
.about__pillars li.anim-pillar {
    animation: pillar-slide .5s ease both;
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
}
.about__pillars li.anim-pillar:nth-child(1) { animation-delay: .05s; }
.about__pillars li.anim-pillar:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: .18s; }
.about__pillars li.anim-pillar:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: .31s; }

/* Re-enable hover state after animation */
.about__pillars li.anim-pillar { transition: background .2s ease; }

/* --- Staggered card grids ----------------------------------------------- */
.article-grid > *,
.book-grid > *,
.journal-grid > * {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(16px);
    transition: opacity .4s ease, transform .4s ease;
}
.article-grid.cards-visible > *,
.book-grid.cards-visible > *,
.journal-grid.cards-visible > * {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}
.article-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(1),
.book-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(1),
.journal-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(1) { transition-delay: .04s; }
.article-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(2),
.book-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(2),
.journal-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(2) { transition-delay: .11s; }
.article-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(3),
.book-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(3),
.journal-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(3) { transition-delay: .18s; }
.article-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(4),
.book-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(4),
.journal-grid.cards-visible > *:nth-child(4) { transition-delay: .25s; }

/* --- Subject chips stagger ---------------------------------------------- */
.subject-grid > * {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(.9);
    transition: opacity .3s ease, transform .3s ease;
}
.subject-grid.chips-visible > * { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1); }
.subject-grid.chips-visible > *:nth-child(1)  { transition-delay: .03s; }
.subject-grid.chips-visible > *:nth-child(2)  { transition-delay: .07s; }
.subject-grid.chips-visible > *:nth-child(3)  { transition-delay: .11s; }
.subject-grid.chips-visible > *:nth-child(4)  { transition-delay: .15s; }
.subject-grid.chips-visible > *:nth-child(5)  { transition-delay: .19s; }
.subject-grid.chips-visible > *:nth-child(6)  { transition-delay: .23s; }
.subject-grid.chips-visible > *:nth-child(7)  { transition-delay: .27s; }
.subject-grid.chips-visible > *:nth-child(8)  { transition-delay: .31s; }
.subject-grid.chips-visible > *:nth-child(n+9){ transition-delay: .35s; }

/* --- Interactive micro-animations --------------------------------------- */
.book-card,
.journal-card,
.article-card,
.subject-chip {
    transition: transform .22s ease, box-shadow .22s ease, border-color .22s ease;
}

.book-card:hover,
.journal-card:hover,
.article-card:hover,
.subject-chip:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   21. Chatbot widget
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.chatbot {
    position: fixed;
    right: 24px;
    bottom: 24px;
    z-index: 900;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
}

/* --- Launcher button ----------------------------------------------------- */
.chatbot__toggle {
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    width: 58px;
    height: 58px;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--brand);
    color: #fff;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transition: background-color .2s ease, transform .2s ease;
}
.chatbot__toggle:hover { background: var(--brand-dark); transform: translateY(-2px); }
.chatbot__toggle svg {
    width: 26px; height: 26px;
    fill: none; stroke: currentColor;
    stroke-width: 1.8; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round;
}
.chatbot__toggle-icon { display: grid; place-items: center; }
.chatbot__toggle-icon--close { display: none; }
.chatbot.is-open .chatbot__toggle-icon--open  { display: none; }
.chatbot.is-open .chatbot__toggle-icon--close { display: grid; }

/* --- Panel --------------------------------------------------------------- */
.chatbot__panel {
    position: absolute;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 74px;
    width: min(360px, calc(100vw - 32px));
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    transform-origin: bottom right;
    animation: chatbot-pop .22s cubic-bezier(.22, .61, .36, 1) both;
}
.chatbot__panel[hidden] { display: none; }

@keyframes chatbot-pop {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(12px) scale(.97); }
    to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0) scale(1); }
}

.chatbot__header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    background: var(--brand-dark);
    color: #fff;
}
.chatbot__avatar {
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    width: 38px; height: 38px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);
    border: 1px solid rgba(203, 178, 122, .55);
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: .82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #cbb27a;
}
.chatbot__identity { display: flex; flex-direction: column; line-height: 1.25; min-width: 0; }
.chatbot__identity strong { font-family: var(--font-head); font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 600; color: #fff; }
.chatbot__identity small { font-size: .82rem; color: #a9bcb1; }
.chatbot__close {
    margin-left: auto;
    width: 32px; height: 32px;
    display: grid; place-items: center;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: transparent;
    color: #c3d0c8;
    transition: background-color .18s ease, color .18s ease;
}
.chatbot__close:hover { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, .12); color: #fff; }
.chatbot__close svg {
    width: 16px; height: 16px;
    fill: none; stroke: currentColor; stroke-width: 2; stroke-linecap: round;
}

/* --- Conversation log ---------------------------------------------------- */
.chatbot__log {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 16px;
    height: 300px;
    max-height: 46vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
    background: var(--paper);
}
.chatbot__msg { max-width: 85%; }
.chatbot__msg p {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    font-size: .82rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    white-space: pre-line;
}
.chatbot__msg--bot { align-self: flex-start; }
.chatbot__msg--bot p {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    border-top-left-radius: 2px;
}
.chatbot__msg--user { align-self: flex-end; }
.chatbot__msg--user p {
    background: var(--brand);
    color: #fff;
    border-top-right-radius: 2px;
}

/* Typing indicator */
.chatbot__typing { display: inline-flex; gap: 4px; align-items: center; }
.chatbot__typing span {
    width: 6px; height: 6px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--muted);
    animation: chatbot-dot 1.2s infinite ease-in-out;
}
.chatbot__typing span:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: .16s; }
.chatbot__typing span:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: .32s; }
@keyframes chatbot-dot {
    0%, 60%, 100% { opacity: .3; transform: translateY(0); }
    30%           { opacity: 1;  transform: translateY(-3px); }
}

/* --- Suggested questions ------------------------------------------------- */
.chatbot__suggestions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--white);
}
.chatbot__chip {
    padding: 7px 12px;
    font-size: .82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--brand);
    background: var(--brand-tint);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 100px;
    transition: background-color .18s ease, border-color .18s ease, color .18s ease;
}
.chatbot__chip:hover { background: var(--brand); border-color: var(--brand); color: #fff; }

/* --- Composer ------------------------------------------------------------ */
.chatbot__form {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 12px 16px 16px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--white);
}
.chatbot__form input {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 11px 14px;
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: .82rem;
    color: var(--ink);
    background: var(--paper);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.chatbot__form input:focus { outline: none; border-color: var(--brand); }
.chatbot__send {
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    width: 42px; height: 42px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    background: var(--brand);
    color: #fff;
    transition: background-color .18s ease;
}
.chatbot__send:hover { background: var(--brand-dark); }
.chatbot__send svg {
    width: 19px; height: 19px;
    fill: none; stroke: currentColor;
    stroke-width: 1.9; stroke-linecap: round; stroke-linejoin: round;
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .chatbot { right: 16px; bottom: 16px; }
    .chatbot__panel { bottom: 68px; }
    .chatbot__log { height: 260px; }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   22. Book detail page (Springer-style)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
.book-breadcrumb-bar {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    background: var(--paper);
    margin: 10px 0 0;
}
.breadcrumb ol {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 14px 0;
    font-size: .84rem;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.breadcrumb li { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
.breadcrumb li + li::before {
    content: '\203A';
    color: var(--line-strong);
}
.breadcrumb a { color: var(--ink-soft); }
.breadcrumb a:hover { color: var(--brand); text-decoration: none; }
.breadcrumb li[aria-current="page"] {
    color: var(--muted);
    max-width: 46ch;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.book-page { padding-bottom: 0; }
.book-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 300px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 52px;
    align-items: start;
    padding-top: 40px;
    padding-bottom: 64px;
}

/* --- Cover + buy column --------------------------------------------------- */
.book-side {
    position: sticky;
    top: calc(var(--header-h) + 20px);
}
.book-cover {
    margin: 0 0 26px;
    padding: 22px;
    background: linear-gradient(160deg, #ece9e0, #f6f4ed);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
}
.book-cover img {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 2px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}
.book-cover img.is-missing { display: none; }

.book-buy {
    padding: 22px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}
.book-buy__eyebrow {
    margin: 0 0 16px;
    font-size: .84rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .13em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.book-buy__option + .book-buy__option {
    margin-top: 18px;
    padding-top: 18px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.book-buy__old {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-left: 8px;
    font-size: .84rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.book-buy__row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.book-buy__format { font-size: .84rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--ink); }
.book-buy__price {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 100;
    color: #101010;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.book-buy__isbn {
    margin: 0 0 6px;
    font-size: .84rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.book-buy__note { margin: 0 0 14px; font-size: .84rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.book-buy__tax {
    margin: 16px 0 0;
    padding-top: 14px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    font-size: .84rem;
    color: var(--muted);
}

.book-side-links {
    margin-top: 18px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    font-size: .84rem;
}
.book-side-links a {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
    padding-bottom: 8px;
}
.book-side-links a:hover { color: var(--brand); text-decoration: none; }

/* --- Main detail column --------------------------------------------------- */
.book-head { padding-bottom: 26px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.book-head__type {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-size: .84rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #5ca038;
}
.book-head__title {
    font-size: clamp(1.55rem, 3.2vw, 2.1rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    letter-spacing: -.012em;
}
.book-head__subtitle {
    margin: 0 0 12px;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 1.06rem;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.book-head__editors { margin: 0 0 20px; font-size: .85rem; color: var(--muted); }

.book-ids {
    margin: 0 0 22px;
    padding: 16px 18px;
    background: var(--brand-tint);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
}
.book-ids__row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 16px;
}
.book-ids__row + .book-ids__row { margin-top: 10px; }
.book-ids dt {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 52px;
    font-size: .85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.book-ids dd { margin: 0; min-width: 0; }
.book-ids dd a {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}
.book-ids__value {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink);
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.book-ids__hint { display: block; margin-top: 3px; font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); }

.book-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }
.book-actions .btn { padding: 11px 18px; font-size: .86rem; }

/* --- Tabs ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
.book-tabs { margin-top: 34px; }
.book-tabs__nav {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 4px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink);
}
.book-tabs__nav button {
    padding: 11px 18px;
    border: 0;
    background: transparent;
    font-size: .86rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--muted);
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
    margin-bottom: -2px;
    transition: color .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}
.book-tabs__nav button:hover { color: var(--brand); }
.book-tabs__nav button.is-active { color: var(--ink); border-bottom-color: var(--brand); }

.book-tabs__panel { padding: 26px 0 4px; }
.book-tabs__panel[hidden] { display: none; }

.book-section { margin-top: 40px; }
.book-section__title {
    font-size: 1.12rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 40px 0 14px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.book-section p { margin: 0; color: var(--ink-soft); max-width: 78ch; }

/* Fact grid */
.book-facts {
    margin-top: 22px;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 0;
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    overflow: hidden;
}
.book-facts__item {
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.book-facts__item:nth-child(3n) { border-right: 0; }
.book-facts__label {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    font-size: .86rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.book-facts__value {
    display: block;
    font-size: .87rem;
    color: var(--ink);
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

/* Subject / keyword tags */
.book-subject-tags { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.book-subject-tags a {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    font-size: .87rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 100px;
    transition: border-color .18s ease, color .18s ease, background-color .18s ease;
}
.book-subject-tags a:hover {
    border-color: var(--brand);
    color: var(--brand);
    background: var(--brand-tint);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Table of contents */
.book-chapters { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.book-chapter {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 40px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 18px;
    align-items: start;
    padding: 16px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.book-chapter__num {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: .87rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #5ca038;
    padding-top: 2px;
}
.book-chapter__title { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 5px; line-height: 1.4; }
.book-chapter__title a { color: var(--brand-dark); }
.book-chapter__title a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; }
.book-chapter__authors { margin: 0; font-size: .87rem; color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; }
.book-chapter__subtitle { margin: 0 0 4px; font-size: .88rem; color: var(--ink-soft); }
.book-chapter__meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-end;
    gap: 6px;
    text-align: right;
}
.book-chapter__pages {
    font-size: .88rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    white-space: nowrap;
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}
.book-chapter__badge {
    padding: 2px 9px;
    font-size: .88rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--brand-dark);
    background: var(--brand-light);
    border-radius: 100px;
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.book-chapter__more {
    font-size: .88rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--brand);
    white-space: nowrap;
}
.book-chapter__more:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; }

/* --- Chapter detail page -------------------------------------------------- */
.chapter-bookinfo__title {
    margin: 0 0 6px;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.35;
}
.chapter-bookinfo__title a { color: var(--brand-dark); }
.chapter-bookinfo__subtitle {
    margin: 0 0 16px;
    font-size: .88rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.chapter-bookinfo__list {
    margin: 0 0 18px;
    padding: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    font-size: .88rem;
}
.chapter-bookinfo__list > div { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 2px; }
.chapter-bookinfo__list dt {
    font-size: .88rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .11em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.chapter-bookinfo__list dd { margin: 0; color: var(--ink); overflow-wrap: anywhere; }

.chapter-page .book-section p + p { margin-top: 14px; }
.chapter-empty { color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; }

.chapter-nav {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 16px;
    margin-top: 42px;
    padding-top: 24px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.chapter-nav__link {
    display: block;
    padding: 16px 18px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    transition: border-color .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}
.chapter-nav__link:hover {
    border-color: var(--brand);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    text-decoration: none;
}
.chapter-nav__link--next { text-align: right; grid-column: 2; }
.chapter-nav__eyebrow {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    font-size: .88rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.chapter-nav__title {
    display: block;
    font-size: .88rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--brand-dark);
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* --- Related titles ------------------------------------------------------- */
.book-related { margin-top: 8px; }

/* --- Book detail responsive ----------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .book-layout {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 34px;
        padding-top: 30px;
        padding-bottom: 48px;
    }
    .book-side {
        position: static;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 240px minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 26px;
        align-items: start;
    }
    .book-cover { margin-bottom: 0; }
    .book-side-links { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
    .book-facts { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .book-facts__item:nth-child(3n) { border-right: 1px solid var(--line); }
    .book-facts__item:nth-child(2n) { border-right: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .book-side { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .book-cover { max-width: 260px; }
    .book-ids__row { flex-direction: column; gap: 4px; }
    .book-ids dt { width: auto; }
    .book-actions .btn { width: 100%; }
    .book-facts { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .book-facts__item { border-right: 0 !important; }
    .book-chapter { grid-template-columns: 32px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 12px; }
    .book-chapter__meta { grid-column: 2 / -1; align-items: flex-start; text-align: left; }
    .chapter-nav { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .chapter-nav__link--next { grid-column: 1; text-align: left; }
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   23. Motion preferences (must remain last)
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    * { animation: none !important; transition: none !important; }
    html { scroll-behavior: auto; }

    .reveal,
    .hero__eyebrow,
    .hero__title,
    .hero__subtitle,
    .hero-search,
    .hero__advanced,
    .stats__grid .stat-card,
    .article-grid > *,
    .book-grid > *,
    .journal-grid > *,
    .subject-grid > *,
    .about__pillars > *,
    .about__pillars li {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: none;
    }
    .section__title::after { width: 48px; }
    .logo-rail__track { animation: none; }
}




/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
   19. Interior pages (journals, clients, gallery, publish, contact)

   Shared building blocks: a compact page hero, breadcrumb, feature cards,
   numbered steps, and the contact form.
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* --- Page hero ------------------------------------------------------------ */
.page-hero {
    padding: 34px 0 46px;
    background: var(--tint);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.page-hero__title {
    font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3.2vw, 2.2rem);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 6px 0 0;
    max-width: 24ch;
    letter-spacing: -.015em;
}
.page-hero__sub {
    margin: 14px 0 0;
    max-width: 66ch;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    font-size: 1rem;
}
.page-hero__actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-top: 26px;
}

/* --- Breadcrumb ----------------------------------------------------------- */
.breadcrumb ol {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    margin: 0px 0 10px;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    font-size: .88rem;
    color: var(--muted);
}
.breadcrumb li:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: '/';
    margin-left: 8px;
    opacity: .5;
}
.breadcrumb a { color: var(--brand); }
.breadcrumb li[aria-current] { color: var(--muted); }

/* --- Feature cards -------------------------------------------------------- */
.feature-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 22px;
}
.feature-card {
    padding: 24px 22px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}
.feature-card__num {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: .88rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #5ca038;
    letter-spacing: .06em;
}
.feature-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.02rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 0 8px;
}
.feature-card p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: .88rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
}

/* --- Numbered steps ------------------------------------------------------- */
.step-list {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 22px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    counter-reset: step;
}
.step {
    position: relative;
    padding: 24px 22px 22px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-top: 2px solid var(--brand);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}
.step__num {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: .88rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--white);
    background: var(--brand);
    border-radius: 50%;
}
.step__title { font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 8px; }
.step p { margin: 0; font-size: .88rem; line-height: 1.6; color: var(--ink-soft); }

/* --- Client grid ---------------------------------------------------------- */
.client-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 18px;
}
.client-card {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 14px;
    padding: 18px 20px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    transition: border-color .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}
.client-card:hover { border-color: var(--brand); box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm); }
.client-card__mark {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 38px;
    height: 38px;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--brand-dark);
    background: var(--brand-light);
    border-radius: 50%;
}
.client-card__name { font-size: .89rem; font-weight: 500; }

/* --- Quote cards ---------------------------------------------------------- */
.quote-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 22px;
}
.quote-card {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 26px 24px 22px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}
.quote-card__mark {
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: 2.4rem;
    line-height: 1;
    color: var(--brand-light);
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.quote-card blockquote {
    margin: 0 0 16px;
    font-size: .9rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.quote-card figcaption {
    padding-top: 12px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
    font-size: .9rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--brand-dark);
}

/* --- Gallery -------------------------------------------------------------- */
.gallery-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 24px;
}
.gallery-item figure { margin: 0; }
.gallery-item__media {
    position: relative;
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: linear-gradient(160deg, #ece9e0, #f6f4ed);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}
.gallery-item__media img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: transform .35s ease;
}
.gallery-item:hover .gallery-item__media img { transform: scale(1.03); }
.gallery-item__media img.is-missing { display: none; }
.gallery-item__media::before {
    content: 'Excel India Publishers';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    display: grid;
    place-items: center;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: .9rem;
    color: #a49d8e;
}
.gallery-item__media img:not(.is-missing) { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.gallery-item__year {
    position: absolute;
    top: 12px;
    right: 12px;
    z-index: 2;
    padding: 3px 10px;
    font-size: .9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .08em;
    color: var(--white);
    background: rgba(33, 31, 28, .72);
    border-radius: 100px;
}
.gallery-item figcaption { padding-top: 14px; }
.gallery-item__title { font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 4px; }
.gallery-item__caption { margin: 0; font-size: .9rem; color: var(--muted); }

/* --- Services ------------------------------------------------------------- */
.service-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 24px;
}
.service-card {
    padding: 28px 24px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}
.service-card__title { font-size: 1.08rem; font-weight: 600; margin: 0 0 8px; }
.service-card__lead { margin: 0 0 16px; font-size: .9rem; color: var(--muted); }

.check-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    font-size: .92rem;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
}
.check-list li {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 24px;
}
.check-list li::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: .45em;
    width: 12px;
    height: 7px;
    border-left: 2px solid #5ca038;
    border-bottom: 2px solid #5ca038;
    transform: rotate(-45deg);
}

/* --- FAQ ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
.container--narrow { max-width: 820px; }
.faq-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.faq {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 0 20px;
}
.faq[open] { border-color: var(--brand); }
.faq__question {
    padding: 16px 0;
    font-family: var(--font-head);
    font-size: .92rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 16px;
}
.faq__question::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.faq__question::after {
    content: '+';
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    color: var(--muted);
    flex: 0 0 auto;
}
.faq[open] .faq__question::after { content: '−'; }
.faq__answer {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0 0 18px;
    font-size: .92rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    max-width: 72ch;
}

/* --- Contact -------------------------------------------------------------- */
.contact-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 320px;
    gap: 44px;
    align-items: start;
}

.contact-form { margin-top: 6px; scroll-margin-top: 24px; }
.form-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 18px;
}
.form-field { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }
.form-field--full { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
.form-field label {
    font-size: .92rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--ink);
}
.form-field .req { color: #b3402e; }
.form-field input,
.form-field select,
.form-field textarea {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 11px 13px;
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: .92rem;
    color: var(--ink);
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    transition: border-color .16s ease, box-shadow .16s ease;
}
.form-field textarea { resize: vertical; min-height: 140px; }
.form-field input:focus,
.form-field select:focus,
.form-field textarea:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--brand);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--brand-light);
}
.form-field input[aria-invalid="true"],
.form-field textarea[aria-invalid="true"] { border-color: #b3402e; }
.form-field__error { font-size: .93rem; color: #b3402e; }

/* Spam honeypot — moved out of view (not display:none, which some bots skip). */
.contact-form__honey {
    position: absolute;
    left: -9999px;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.form-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 18px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin-top: 22px;
}
.form-note { margin: 0; font-size: .95rem; color: var(--muted); }

.form-alert {
    margin-bottom: 22px;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    font-size: .96rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    border: 1px solid transparent;
}
.form-alert--success {
    color: #2f5d1d;
    background: #eef6e7;
    border-color: #cfe3bf;
}
.form-alert--error {
    color: #7d2b1d;
    background: #fbeeeb;
    border-color: #edd0c8;
}

.contact-side { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 20px; }
.contact-panel {
    padding: 22px;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
}
.contact-panel--tint { background: var(--tint); }
.contact-panel__title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin: 0 0 16px;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.contact-details { margin: 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 14px; }
.contact-details dt {
    font-size: .96rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .12em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--muted);
    margin-bottom: 3px;
}
.contact-details dd { margin: 0; font-size: .98rem; line-height: 1.55; }

.link-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 9px; font-size: .98rem; }
.link-list a { color: var(--brand-dark); }
.link-list a:hover { text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 2px; }

/* --- Coming soon (journals page) ------------------------------------------ */
.coming-soon__badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 5px 14px;
    font-size: .98rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: .14em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--brand-dark);
    background: var(--brand-light);
    border: 1px solid var(--brand);
    border-radius: 100px;
}
.page-hero .coming-soon__badge { margin-bottom: 14px; }
/* Journals page: the notice is the whole page, so give it room below the fold */
.page-hero--notice {
    min-height: calc(100vh - var(--header-h) - 260px);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 56px 0;
}

.coming-soon {
    padding: 40px 38px;
    text-align: center;
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--brand);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}
.coming-soon__title {
    margin: 16px 0 10px;
    font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.4vw, 1.6rem);
    font-weight: 600;
}
.coming-soon__text {
    max-width: 64ch;
    margin: 0 auto;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    font-size: .98rem;
}
.coming-soon__actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 20px;
    margin-top: 26px;
}

/* Teased titles: readable but visibly not yet available.
   These cards render immediately — the grid reveal animation is driven by the
   homepage JS and never fires on this page, which would leave them invisible. */
.journal-grid--static > * {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: none;
}
.journal-card--soon .journal-card__title { color: var(--ink-soft); }
.btn.is-disabled,
.btn.is-disabled:hover {
    background: var(--tint);
    color: var(--muted);
    border-color: var(--line);
    cursor: not-allowed;
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* --- Interior pages responsive -------------------------------------------- */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .feature-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .step-list    { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .client-grid  { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .quote-grid   { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .gallery-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .service-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .contact-layout { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 34px; }
    .contact-side { flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }
    .contact-side > * { flex: 1 1 280px; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .coming-soon { padding: 28px 20px; }
    .coming-soon__actions .btn { width: 100%; }
    .page-hero { padding: 26px 0 34px; }
    .feature-grid,
    .step-list,
    .client-grid,
    .quote-grid,
    .gallery-grid,
    .form-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr); }
    .contact-side { flex-direction: column; }
    .form-actions .btn { width: 100%; }
}